Cascading Events in Power Grid

 

Alexander Liss

 

07/12/04

 

 

     Power outages are frequent occurrence in different Power Grids in different countries. This shows that the cause of the problem is neither identified nor eliminated.

     In the same time, the problem's dynamic is clearly described: Sudden shut-off of power, because of internal reasons of a power consumer or because of some damage in the Power Grid, leads to the excess of power flow in some segment of the Grid. This excess of power causes protective shut-offs of other power consumers connected to this segment or even entire segment of the Grid. This process escalates until some power producers are shut-off the Grid and a large number of power consumers are shut-off.

     Such cascades of events cannot be prevented, until there are special devices plugged in the Grid, which quickly absorb power, when its level suddenly jumps.

     Such devices already exist.

     One such device consists of two connected ponds with a power generator, which works, when water from one pond flows into another. In addition, there is an electric pump, which moves water in an opposite direction.

     This device is used to accumulate energy during periods of low consumption and produce it during periods of high consumption.

     Equipped with a few pumps, which production could be rapidly increased in a moment of energy spike in the Grid, this device could be used to prevent outages.

     Segments of the Power Grid should have such devices connected to them. In the case of a power surge in a segment of the Grid, a connected device should absorb this surge and prevent cascading events.